鼠兔 (Ochotona curzoniae)
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鼠兔(Pika),又名鸣声鼠、石兔。属于兔目，鼠兔科，鼠兔属动物。有很多不同品种：藏鼠兔(Ochtona Thibetana)、东北鼠兔(Ochotona Hyperborea)、达呼尔鼠兔(Ochotona Daurica)，高原鼠兔(Ochotona Alpina Pallas)，大耳鼠兔(Ochtona Macrotis Gunther)等。外形酷似兔子，身材和神态又很像鼠类，体型较小，耳短而圆。大多生活在海拔较高的多岩山地，居住在自己挖掘的洞穴里。在我国主要分布于内蒙古，甘肃地区。鼠兔不冬眠，有储备食物的习惯，冬季来临，它会将获得的食物在太阳下晾干进行储存。鼠兔一直以来被认为是有害物种，他们在过度放牧的草场挖洞，过度放牧的草场无法很好的吸收雨水，在季风雨到来时会对下游农田和城市造成严重的危害。但后来的研究证明，草场的退化并不是鼠兔造成的，反而是因为鼠兔更喜欢居住在退化草场，其洞穴的存在减少了洪灾。以鼠兔作为研究对象探讨草场及生态系统保护具有重要意义。
参考文献:
- Jeong-Beom et al. The Thermophysiologically Characteristic Research of the Pika (Acclimatization to High-altitude), the Rabbit and the Rat.Laboratory Animal Research 24, 585-591 (2008).
- Xing-Tang, W. et al. A study on accurate,sustainable,control technology for plateau pika(Ochtona curzoniae)——Comparative experiment on several rodenticides. Acta Prataculturae Sinica 19, 191-200 (2010).
- Formozov, N. A. & Yakhontov, E. L. Sympatry zone of Alpine (Ochotona alpina) and Northern (O. hyperborea) pikas on the Putorana Plateau with description of new subspecies (Ochotona hyperborea naumovi SSP. N.). Zoologicheski Zhurnal 82, 485-496 (2003).
- Lissovsky, A. A., Yatsentyuk, S. P. & Koju, N. P. Multilocus phylogeny and taxonomy of pikas of the subgenus Ochotona (Lagomorpha, Ochotonidae). Zoologica Scripta 48,1-16 (2019).
- Koju, N. P., He, K., Chalise, M. K., Ray, C. & Xuelong, J. Multilocus approaches reveal underestimated species diversity and inter-specific gene flow in pikas (Ochotona) from southwestern China. Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution 107, 239-245 (2017).