Haplotype-resolved chromosome-level genome of hexaploid Jerusalem artichoke provides insights into its origin, evolution, and inulin metabolism.
Plant Commun, 2024/3/11;5(3):100767.
Wang S[1], Wang A[2], Chen R[3], Xu D[2], Wang H[2], Jiang F[2], Liu H[2], Qian W[2], Fan W[4]
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PMID: 37974403DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100767
Impact factor: 8.625
Abstract
Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) is a global multifunctional crop. It has wide applications in the food, health, feed, and biofuel industries and in ecological protection; it also serves as a germplasm pool for breeding of the global oil crop common sunflower (Helianthus annuus). However, biological studies of Jerusalem artichoke have been hindered by a lack of genome sequences, and its high polyploidy and large genome size have posed challenges to genome assembly. Here, we report a 21-Gb chromosome-level assembly of the hexaploid Jerusalem artichoke genome, which comprises 17 homologous groups, each with 6 pseudochromosomes. We found multiple large-scale chromosome rearrangements between Jerusalem artichoke and common sunflower, and our results show that the hexaploid genome of Jerusalem artichoke was formed by a hybridization event between a tetraploid and a diploid Helianthus species, followed by chromosome doubling of the hybrid, which occurred approximately 2 million years ago. Moreover, we identified more copies of actively expressed genes involved in inulin metabolism and showed that these genes may still be undergoing loss of function or sub- or neofunctionalization. These genomic resources will promote further biological studies, breeding improvement, and industrial utilization of Helianthus crops.
Keywords: Helianthus tuberosus; chromosome rearrangement; hexaploid genome; hybridization origin; inulin metabolism genes
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