China National GeneBank, Jinsha Road, Dapeng New District, Shenzhen, 518120, China.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China.
BGI-Americas, One Broadway, 14th Floor, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
Ethiopian Biotechnology Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
College of Natural Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Melkassa Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Melkassa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, P.O. Box 57811, Nairobi, 00800, Kenya.
College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA. FHuang@agcenter.lsu.edu.
State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. liuxin@genomics.cn.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China. liuxin@genomics.cn.
State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China. shengjunpuer@163.com.
Yunnan Plateau Characteristic Agriculture Industry Research Institute, Kunming, 650201, China. shengjunpuer@163.com.
State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. lkang@ioz.ac.cn.
Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. lkang@ioz.ac.cn.
CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. lkang@ioz.ac.cn.
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a destructive pest native to America and has recently become an invasive insect pest in China. Because of its rapid spread and great risks in China, understanding of FAW genetic background and pesticide resistance is urgent and essential to develop effective management strategies. Here, we assembled a chromosome-level genome of a male FAW (SFynMstLFR) and compared re-sequencing results of the populations from America, Africa, and China. Strain identification of 163 individuals collected from America, Africa and China showed that both C and R strains were found in the American populations, while only C strain was found in the Chinese and African populations. Moreover, population genomics analysis showed that populations from Africa and China have close relationship with significantly genetic differentiation from American populations. Taken together, FAWs invaded into China were most likely originated from Africa. Comparative genomics analysis displayed that the cytochrome p450 gene family is extremely expanded to 425 members in FAW, of which 283 genes are specific to FAW. Treatments of Chinese populations with twenty-three pesticides showed the variant patterns of transcriptome profiles, and several detoxification genes such as AOX, UGT and GST specially responded to the pesticides. These findings will be useful in developing effective strategies for management of FAW in China and other invaded areas.
Keywords: Spodoptera frugiperda; chromosome-level genome; cytochrome p450; pesticides; population differentiation
