A Sex Chromosome piRNA Promotes Robust Dosage Compensation and Sex Determination in C. elegans.

Dev Cell, 2018/03/26;44(6):762-770.e3.

Tang W[1], Seth M[1], Tu S[2], Shen EZ[1], Li Q[1], Shirayama M[3], Weng Z[2], Mello CC[4]

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PMID: 29456136DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.01.025

Impact factor: 13.417

Abstract
In metazoans, Piwi-related Argonaute proteins engage piRNAs (Piwi-interacting small RNAs) to defend the genome against invasive nucleic acids, such as transposable elements. Yet many organisms-including worms and humans-express thousands of piRNAs that do not target transposons, suggesting that piRNA function extends beyond genome defense. Here, we show that the X chromosome-derived piRNA 21ux-1 downregulates XOL-1 (XO Lethal), a master regulator of X chromosome dosage compensation and sex determination in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mutations in 21ux-1 and several Piwi-pathway components sensitize hermaphrodites to dosage compensation and sex determination defects. We show that the piRNA pathway also targets xol-1 in C. briggsae, a nematode species related to C. elegans. Our findings reveal physiologically important piRNA-mRNA interactions, raising the possibility that piRNAs function broadly to ensure robust gene expression and germline development.

Keywords: Caenorhabditis briggsae; Caenorhabditis elegans; dosage compensation; piRNAs; sex determination; small RNAs

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