Vitrification alters rabbit foetal placenta at transcriptomic and proteomic level.
Reproduction, 2014/6;147(6):789-801.
Saenz-de-Juano MD[1], Marco-Jimenez F[1], Schmaltz-Panneau B[1], Jimenez-Trigos E[1], Viudes-de-Castro MP[1], Peñaranda DS[1], Jouneau L[1], Lecardonnel J[1], Lavara R[1], Naturil-Alfonso C[1], Duranthon V[1], Vicente JS[2]
Affiliations
PMID: 24534948DOI: 10.1530/REP-14-0019
Impact factor: 3.923
Abstract
Although numerous studies have demonstrated that cryopreservation alters gene expression, less is known about those embryos that implanted successfully and continued in gestation. To raise the question of the neutrality of this technique, we examine the effects of vitrification through gestation in rabbit before and after the implantation. We monitored the distribution of losses of 569 vitrified morulae, observing that embryos which reach the last pre-implantatory stage are able to implant. However, we found that not all implanted embryos had the ability to continue with their gestation. The results reveal that vitrification decreased foetus and maternal placenta weights at mid-gestation, but led to a higher offspring birth weight. A novel finding is that while no differences in gene expression were detected in pre-implantatory embryos at day 6, vitrification affects a gene and protein expression in the placenta at day 14. Our results for first time reveal strong evidence of modifications in implanted embryos subjected to vitrification, suggesting that the crucial step that vitrified embryos must overcome is the placenta formation. On the basis of these findings, our work leaves the question open as to whether the effects we observed that cause vitrification during foetal development could give rise to some type of physiological or metabolic alteration in adulthood.
MeSH terms
Animals; Animals, Newborn; Birth Weight; Blastocyst; Cryopreservation; Embryo Implantation; Embryo Transfer; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Gene Regulatory Networks; Gestational Age; Morula; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Placenta; Pregnancy; Proteins; Proteomics; RNA, Messenger; Rabbits; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Vitrification
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