GARP: a key receptor controlling FOXP3 in human regulatory T cells.
J Cell Mol Med, 2009/9;13(9B):3343-57.
Probst-Kepper M[1], Geffers R, Kröger A, Viegas N, Erck C, Hecht HJ, Lünsdorf H, Roubin R, Moharregh-Khiabani D, Wagner K, Ocklenburg F, Jeron A, Garritsen H, Arstila TP, Kekäläinen E, Balling R, Hauser H, Buer J, Weiss S
Affiliations
PMID: 19453521DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00782.x
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Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that regulatory pathways might control sustained high levels of FOXP3 in regulatory CD4(+)CD25(hi) T (T(reg)) cells. Based on transcriptional profiling of ex vivo activated T(reg) and helper CD4(+)CD25(-) T (T(h)) cells we have identified GARP (glycoprotein-A repetitions predominant), LGALS3 (lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 3) and LGMN (legumain) as novel genes implicated in human T(reg) cell function, which are induced upon T-cell receptor stimulation. Retroviral overexpression of GARP in antigen-specific T(h) cells leads to an efficient and stable re-programming of an effector T cell towards a regulatory T cell, which involves up-regulation of FOXP3, LGALS3, LGMN and other T(reg)-associated markers. In contrast, overexpression of LGALS3 and LGMN enhance FOXP3 and GARP expression, but only partially induced a regulatory phenotype. Lentiviral down-regulation of GARP in T(reg) cells significantly impaired the suppressor function and was associated with down-regulation of FOXP3. Moreover, down-regulation of FOXP3 resulted in similar phenotypic changes and down-regulation of GARP. This provides compelling evidence for a GARP-FOXP3 positive feedback loop and provides a rational molecular basis for the known difference between natural and transforming growth factor-beta induced T(reg) cells as we show here that the latter do not up-regulate GARP. In summary, we have identified GARP as a key receptor controlling FOXP3 in T(reg) cells following T-cell activation in a positive feedback loop assisted by LGALS3 and LGMN, which represents a promising new system for the therapeutic manipulation of T cells in human disease.
MeSH terms
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Culture Media; Down-Regulation; Forkhead Transcription Factors; Gene Expression Regulation; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Humans; Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit; Ionomycin; Membrane Proteins; Models, Biological; Phenotype; Signal Transduction; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory; Transcription, Genetic
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