Grape seed extract acting on astrocytes reveals neuronal protection against oxidative stress via interleukin-6-mediated mechanisms.
Cell Mol Neurobiol, 2009/12;29(8):1121-9.
Fujishita K[1], Ozawa T, Shibata K, Tanabe S, Sato Y, Hisamoto M, Okuda T, Koizumi S
Affiliations
PMID: 19381798DOI: 10.1007/s10571-009-9403-5
Impact factor: 4.231
Abstract
Grape polyphenols are known to protect neurons against oxidative stress. We used grape seed extract (GSE) from "Koshu" grapes (Vitis vinifera) containing a variety of polyphenols, and performed transcriptome analysis to determine the effects of GSE on primary cultures of astrocytes in the hippocampus. GSE upregulated various mRNAs for cytokines, among which interleukin-6 (IL-6) showed the biggest increase after treatment with GSE. The GSE-evoked increase in IL-6 mRNAs was confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. We also detected IL-6 proteins by ELISA in the supernatant of GSE-treated astrocytes. We made an oxidative stress-induced neuronal cell death model in vitro using a neuron rich culture of the hippocampus. Treatment of the neurons with H(2)O(2) caused neuronal cell death in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Exogenously applied IL-6 protected against the H(2)O(2)-induced neuronal cell death, which was mimicked by endogenous IL-6 produced by GSE-treated astrocytes. Taken together, GSE acting on astrocytes increased IL-6 production, which functions as a neuroprotective paracrine, could protect neuronal cells from death by oxidative stress.
MeSH terms
Animals; Astrocytes; Cell Death; Cytoprotection; Gene Expression Profiling; Grape Seed Extract; Hydrogen Peroxide; Interleukin-6; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Oxidative Stress; RNA, Messenger; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Subcellular Fractions; Time Factors; Up-Regulation
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