Association of the kappa-opioid system with alcohol dependence.
Mol Psychiatry, 2006/11;11(11):1016-24.
Xuei X[1], Dick D, Flury-Wetherill L, Tian HJ, Agrawal A, Bierut L, Goate A, Bucholz K, Schuckit M, Nurnberger J Jr, Tischfield J, Kuperman S, Porjesz B, Begleiter H, Foroud T, Edenberg HJ
Affiliations
PMID: 16924269
Impact factor: 13.437
Abstract
Opioid receptors and their endogenous peptide ligands play important roles in the reward and reinforcement of drugs such as heroin, cocaine, and alcohol. The binding of dynorphins to the kappa-opioid receptor has been shown to produce aversive states, which may prevent the development of reinforcement. We genotyped SNPs throughout OPRK1, encoding the kappa-opioid receptor, and PDYN, which encodes its ligand prodynorphin, in a group of 1860 European American individuals from 219 multiplex alcohol dependent families. Family-based analyses demonstrated associations between alcohol dependence and multiple SNPs in the promoter and 3' end of PDYN, and in intron 2 of OPRK1. Haplotype analyses further supported the association of PDYN. Thus, variations in the genes encoding both the kappa-opioid receptor and its ligand, OPRK1 and PDYN, are associated with the risk for alcohol dependence; this makes biological sense as variations in either should affect signaling through the kappa-opioid system.
MeSH terms
Alcoholism; Enkephalins; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Haplotypes; Humans; Linkage Disequilibrium; Pedigree; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Risk Factors; Whites
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