Full name: thioredoxin reductase 3

Gene type: protein coding

RefSeq status: REVIEWED

Also known as: TGR; TR2

Summary: The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family, and is a member of the thioredoxin (Trx) system. Three thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) isozymes are found in mammals. TrxRs are selenocysteine-containing flavoenzymes, which reduce thioredoxins, as well as other substrates, and play a key role in redox homoeostasis. This gene encodes the third TrxR, which unlike the other two isozymes, contains an additional N-terminal glutaredoxin (Grx) domain, and shows highest expression in testis. The Grx domain allows this isozyme to participate in both Trx and glutathione systems. It functions as a homodimer containing FAD, and selenocysteine (Sec) at the active site. Sec is encoded by UGA codon that normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTRs of selenoprotein mRNAs contain a conserved stem-loop structure, the Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element, which is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon rather than as a stop signal. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. There is evidence for additional isoforms resulting from the use of a non-AUG (CUG), and an in-frame downstream AUG as translation initiation codons (PMID:20018845). [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

Expression: Biased expression in testis adult (RPKM 82.0), kidney adult (RPKM 6.4) and 4 other tissues

Gene size: 31542bp

Exon count: 16