PMID- 34210268 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE VI - 21 IP - 1 TI - Genome-wide identification of ZmSnRK2 genes and functional analysis of ZmSnRK2.10 in ABA signaling pathway in maize (Zea mays L). PG - 309 LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - England TA - Bmc Plant Biol JT - BMC plant biology JID - 100967807 IS - 1471-2229 (Electronic) LID - 10.1186/s12870-021-03064-9 [doi] FAU - Long, Tiandan AU - Long T AD - State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. AD - College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Rd., Wenjiang Dist, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. FAU - Xu, Binjie AU - Xu B AD - Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. FAU - Hu, Yufeng AU - Hu Y AD - State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. AD - College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Rd., Wenjiang Dist, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. FAU - Wang, Yayun AU - Wang Y AD - College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Rd., Wenjiang Dist, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. FAU - Mao, Changqing AU - Mao C AD - College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Rd., Wenjiang Dist, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. FAU - Wang, Yongbin AU - Wang Y AD - College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Rd., Wenjiang Dist, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. FAU - Zhang, Junjie AU - Zhang J AD - College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China. FAU - Liu, Hanmei AU - Liu H AD - College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China. FAU - Huang, Huanhuan AU - Huang H AD - College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Rd., Wenjiang Dist, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. FAU - Liu, Yinghong AU - Liu Y AD - Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. FAU - Yu, Guowu AU - Yu G AD - College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Rd., Wenjiang Dist, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. FAU - Zhao, Chunzhao AU - Zhao C AD - Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China. FAU - Li, Yangping AU - Li Y AD - State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. ypli@sicau.edu.cn. AD - College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Rd., Wenjiang Dist, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. ypli@sicau.edu.cn. FAU - Huang, Yubi AU - Huang Y AD - State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. yubihuang@sohu.com. AD - College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Rd., Wenjiang Dist, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China. yubihuang@sohu.com. IS - 1471-2229 (Linking) RN - 72S9A8J5GW (Abscisic Acid) SB - IM MH - Abscisic Acid/*metabolism MH - Arabidopsis/genetics MH - Base Sequence MH - Cell Nucleus/metabolism MH - Chromosomes, Plant/genetics MH - Evolution, Molecular MH - Gene Duplication MH - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant MH - *Genes, Plant MH - Mutation/genetics MH - Phenotype MH - Phylogeny MH - *Signal Transduction/genetics MH - Subcellular Fractions/metabolism MH - Synteny/genetics MH - Zea mays/*genetics/*metabolism OTO - NOTNLM OT - ABA OT - Evolution OT - Expression pattern OT - Function analysis OT - Maize OT - SnRK2 family OT - ZmSnRK2.10 PMC - PMC8246669 DCOM- 20210714 LR - 20210714 DP - 2021 Jul 01 DEP - 20210701 AB - BACKGROUND: Phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is involved in the regulation of a wide range of biological processes. In Arabidopsis, it has been well-known that SnRK2s are the central components of the ABA signaling pathway that control the balance between plant growth and stress response, but the functions of ZmSnRK2 in maize are rarely reported. Therefore, the study of ZmSnRK2 is of great importance to understand the ABA signaling pathways in maize. RESULTS: In this study, 14 ZmSnRK2 genes were identified in the latest version of maize genome database. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that ZmSnRK2s are divided into three subclasses based on their diversity of C-terminal domains. The exon-intron structures, phylogenetic, synteny and collinearity analysis indicated that SnRK2s, especially the subclass III of SnRK2, are evolutionally conserved in maize, rice and Arabidopsis. Subcellular localization showed that ZmSnRK2 proteins are localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm. The RNA-Seq datasets and qRT-PCR analysis showed that ZmSnRK2 genes exhibit spatial and temporal expression patterns during the growth and development of different maize tissues, and the transcript levels of some ZmSnRK2 genes in kernel are significantly induced by ABA and sucrose treatment. In addition, we found that ZmSnRK2.10, which belongs to subclass III, is highly expressed in kernel and activated by ABA. Overexpression of ZmSnRK2.10 partially rescued the ABA-insensitive phenotype of snrk2.2/2.3 double and snrk2.2/2.3/2.6 triple mutants and led to delaying plant flowering in Arabidopsis. CONCLUSION: The SnRK2 gene family exhibits a high evolutionary conservation and has expanded with whole-genome duplication events in plants. The ZmSnRK2s expanded in maize with whole-genome and segmental duplication, not tandem duplication. The expression pattern analysis of ZmSnRK2s in maize offers important information to study their functions. Study of the functions of ZmSnRK.10 in Arabidopsis suggests that the ABA-dependent members of SnRK2s are evolutionarily conserved in plants. Our study elucidated the structure and evolution of SnRK2 genes in plants and provided a basis for the functional study of ZmSnRK2s protein in maize.