PMID- 32998880 OWN - NLM STAT- In-Data-Review VI - 6 IP - 40 TI - Thermofluidic heat exchangers for actuation of transcription in artificial tissues. CI - Copyright © 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC). LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - United States TA - Sci Adv JT - Science advances JID - 101653440 IS - 2375-2548 (Electronic) LID - eabb9062 [pii] LID - 10.1126/sciadv.abb9062 [doi] FAU - Corbett, Daniel C AU - Corbett DC AUID- ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3280-9360 AD - Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. AD - Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. FAU - Fabyan, Wesley B AU - Fabyan WB AUID- ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1829-6511 AD - Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. AD - Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. FAU - Grigoryan, Bagrat AU - Grigoryan B AD - Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA. FAU - O'Connor, Colleen E AU - O'Connor CE AUID- ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4691-7426 AD - Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. AD - Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. FAU - Johansson, Fredrik AU - Johansson F AUID- ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2411-0031 AD - Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. AD - Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. FAU - Batalov, Ivan AU - Batalov I AD - Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. AD - Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. FAU - Regier, Mary C AU - Regier MC AUID- ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9074-6604 AD - Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. AD - Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. FAU - DeForest, Cole A AU - DeForest CA AUID- ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0337-3577 AD - Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. AD - Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. AD - Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. FAU - Miller, Jordan S AU - Miller JS AUID- ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7931-551X AD - Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA. FAU - Stevens, Kelly R AU - Stevens KR AUID- ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4024-2990 AD - Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. ksteve@uw.edu. AD - Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. AD - Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. AD - Brotman Baty Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. IS - 2375-2548 (Linking) SB - IM PMC - PMC7527231 LR - 20201009 DP - 2020 Sep DEP - 20200930 AB - Spatial patterns of gene expression in living organisms orchestrate cell decisions in development, homeostasis, and disease. However, most methods for reconstructing gene patterning in 3D cell culture and artificial tissues are restricted by patterning depth and scale. We introduce a depth- and scale-flexible method to direct volumetric gene expression patterning in 3D artificial tissues, which we call "heat exchangers for actuation of transcription" (HEAT). This approach leverages fluid-based heat transfer from printed networks in the tissues to activate heat-inducible transgenes expressed by embedded cells. We show that gene expression patterning can be tuned both spatially and dynamically by varying channel network architecture, fluid temperature, fluid flow direction, and stimulation timing in a user-defined manner and maintained in vivo. We apply this approach to activate the 3D positional expression of Wnt ligands and Wnt/β-catenin pathway regulators, which are major regulators of development, homeostasis, regeneration, and cancer throughout the animal kingdom.